Know Your Engine Parts - xBhp.com : The Global Indian Biking Community

L.P. · 09-23-2008, 10:43 PM

Cutaway Piston:
means a cutaway of normal piston(half piston from side look)the cutaway to end all cutaways. The seat, muffler, various frame sections, shocks, damn near everything gave you an X-ray view.like there in the bajaj probiking.

Cam Ground Piston :
All areas of the piston do not expand the same; the top of the piston runs the hottest so it expands the most. The skirt runs the coolest so it expands the least. For this reason the diameter at top of the piston will normally be smaller, and the diameter at the bottom of the skirt will normally be a little larger, than the diameter at the top of the skirt. Also, the piston does not expand the same all the way around its circumference. The diameter measured across the piston pin will expand more than the diameter-measured perpendicular to the piston pin. Therefore, the piston is “cam ground”, or made slightly oval, with the smaller diameter measured across the piston pin. When the piston heats up to operating temperature it will then be round. If the piston were not cam ground, the piston to cylinder wall clearance would have to be extremely high when the engine was cold to allow for expansion, and it would not be round when at operating temperature. This could cause piston slap and other problems.

Slipper Piston :
This ultra lightweight piston provides the optimum balance between strength and weight required in the harsh environments of Formula 1 and MotoGP.R15 is also equipped with forged or slipper piston.kisi piston ko high reving banane ke liye uske weight ko kumm kar dete hai by lathe or machineing .

1st,2nd,3rd land in pistons :
different exterior upper,lower or central parts or feild is defined as lands on the piston.

EXPLANATION OF PISTON AND RING.

Clear, accepted definitions are as necessary to a knowledge and understanding of pistons and piston rings as they are for any other subject. The following nomenclature has been developed in over half-a-century of usage within the industry. The majority of these terms have been adopted and approved by the Society of Automotive Engineers.

PISTON

A cylindrical, hollow aluminum or iron part, closed on top and open at the bottom, fitting closely within the engine cylinder or sleeve and capable of being driven alternately up and down in the cylinder. The piston transmits the force of expanding combustion gases through the piston pin to the connecting rod and crankshaft throws. The piston serves as a carrier for the piston rings

A) LAND

That part of the piston above the top ring or between ring grooves. The lands confine and support the piston rings in their grooves.

B) HEAT DAM

A narrow groove cut in the top land of some pistons to reduce heat flow to the top ring groove. This groove fills with carbon during engine operation and reduces heat flow to the top ring.

C) COMPRESSION DISTANCE (or height)

The distance from the center of the pin hole to the top of the piston. where grooves are machined.

D) RING BELT

That area between the top

D) RING BELT

That area between the top of the piston and the pin hole for the installation of piston rings.

E) PISTON HEAD

The top piston surface against which the combustion gases exert pressure. The piston head may be flat, concave, convex or of irregular shape.

F) PISTON PINS (Wrist pins or gudgeon pins)

Connections between the upper end of the connecting rod and the piston. Pins may be held in one of three ways:

1. Anchored in the piston with the bushing in the upper end of the connecting rod oscillating on the pin.

2. Clamped in the rod with the pin oscillating in the piston.

3. Full floating in both connecting rod and piston with lock rings or other devices preventing the pin from contacting the cylinder wall.

G) SKIRT

That part of the piston located between the first ring groove above the pin hole, and the bottom (open end) of the piston. The skirt forms a bearing area in contact with the cylinder wall.

H) PIN HOLE

An opening through the piston skirt to carry the piston pin.

I) MAJOR THRUST FACE

That portion of the piston skirt which carries the greatest thrust load. This is on the right side when viewing the engine from the flywheel end with the crankshaft rotating counterclockwise.

J) MINOR THRUST FACE

That portion of the piston skirt which is opposite the major thrust face.

K) PISTON PIN BUSHING

A bushing fitted between piston pin and piston pin hole to obtain a better bearing material. Used particularly with iron pistons.

L) OIL RING GROOVE

A groove cut into the piston around its circumference, at the bottom of the ring belt or at the lower end of piston skirt. Oil ring grooves are usually wider than compress.

Oil drain hole :
The drain hole means fr the oil control, in one embodiment thereof, comprises an elongated conduit formed of a spring pin for insertion into drain holes of a piston to restrict admittance of oil into the drain holes from within the piston. The oil-controlled piston comprises a typical gas-engine-type piston having at least one oil-control-ring drain hole formed therein in which drain hole the aforementioned oil control means has been inserted (for instance, by way of retrofitting).

Bell crank and lever :
Lever mechanisms of all shapes and sizes are very common parts of machines, particularly in hand operated devices. The bell crank lever offers the typical mechanical advantage of a lever, and in addition it turns the line of action of the effort through 90°. In most cases the cranked lever would be a casting with a bushed pivot at the corner. The experimental model has been built up from plastic to simulate the real thing.

This traditional item enables the reaction force of a 90° bell crank to be measured by a spring balance when a load is applied at any of five leverage ratios.

The bell crank is supported on a bushed pivot.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

LAST NOT BUT THE LEAST..........
why the inlet valve is kept open for 40-50 degree rotattion of the crank after the suction stoke fpr high speed engines and 20-40 in low speed engines ???????????????

exactly i dint know about this very technically. but bhai meri opinion mein ye cam ki center city ki ki adjustmewnt ki wajah se hota hoga.may be for feuls mixture of air and oil,ya high tech super cars even our honda civic mein bhi high rev band mein inlet valve open kuch degree par rehte jisse second time ke combustion ki timing mein piston ko valve ko open karne ke liye force jyaada na lagani pade jisse power loss engine ka kum hota hai aur jerking performecne ka bhi rectification ho jata hai jiski wajah se linear and performecne ka power band up down nahi hota hai. aur low speed engine mein bhi issi function ka implimentation kiya jaata hai jisse uska power band kum rpm pe aur stable rahe.cam aur crank ki adjustment mein aur main begun ke alteration se iss ko achieve kiya jaa sakta hai.

Dry liners and wet liners:
Dryliners A dry cylinder liner has a flange at the outer circumference of the upper part of a liner barrel, and also has a grind relief groove formed below the flange at the outer circumferential surface of the liner barrel. The upper surface and the lower surface of the flange are coated with a coating film comprising a heat resistant resin containing a solid lubricant. The coating film may also be applied to only the lower surface of the liner flange. This coating film may also be applied to the upper surface of a cylinder block that contacts the lower surface of the liner flange.

Wet liners Plain wet liner - The water jacket or passages for the cooling water are formed by the engine block and the liner itself. Rubber o-rings at both ends of the liner will provide the seal necessary for the cooling water passages.

Linkage booster type power steering system :
A power steering system includes a cylinder assembly which is operable under the influence of fluid pressure from a supply pump to actuate a vehicle steering linkage. The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder having a piston rod extending from one end and a wall which is swaged at the other end. The swaged end of the cylinder wall is fixedly connected to a socket assembly which in turn is connected to the vehicle frame. The piston rod is connected to another socket assembly which is connected with a steering linkage.

Courtesy : GYAAN BY C_sbk..
compiled By: L.P. (ME)

MG · 09-23-2008, 10:52 PM

Topic Approved

@L.P-Good stuff.Please mention the source from where you have taken the above material.

c_sbk · 09-23-2008, 11:11 PM

@MG: these all material is from various mags which i read since 1997,i prefer a lot reading mags or technical book then web.so it is not possible to mention which answer from which mag or book.and there is some unnecessary stuff which l.p. mention is of no use.

themadrussian · 09-24-2008, 05:49 PM

good stuff !!

want to know more about slipper pistons and how it can boost performance

prakash_mvpa · 09-24-2008, 05:56 PM

Quote:

what is nitriding parts(valves) mean?

surface heat treatment of metal parts for long life is the answer

themadrussian · 09-29-2008, 02:23 PM

waiting

prakash_mvpa · 09-29-2008, 02:36 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by prakash_mvpa

surface heat treatment of metal parts for long life is the answer

---!! !! rr

L.P. · 09-30-2008, 04:06 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by themadrussian

good stuff !!
want to know more about slipper pistons and how it can boost performance

Slipper piston:
A Piston with the lower edge cut away so that the Piston skirt is short on the two sides not used as thrust surfaces. Such a design lightens the piston making it easier to accelerate and decelerate, wastes less power, and is easier on the bearings. Cutting away the skirt also allows the Connecting rod to be made shorter but leaves enough room between the Counterweights and the pistons so the overall height of the engine can be reduced.
Also..

After Forging it in the slipper piston,it makes it a light weight,due to which it balances the strong strength..it is used to keep the height of engines less,in high performance engines.

As it is light weight the mechanical load on the engine gets reduced and it becomes a faaster/higher revving engine.aslo it is quite costly and there is no option for Re-Bore in this kind of engine's..
that's why it is not commonly used in regular engines also because of cost effectivenes...

c_sbk

joe350 · 09-30-2008, 10:59 PM

wow!! that was a nice lecture note!!! felt like i was attending an automobile class from a good lecturer!!!

L.P. · 09-30-2008, 11:21 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by joe350

wow!! that was a nice lecture note!!! felt like i was attending an automobile class from a good lecturer!!!

Thank you... but it's rather a very big compliment..![]

09-23-2008, 10:43 PM	#1 (permalink)
L.P. Uncle xBhp'ian Join Date: Jan 2007 Location: DL-7S Posts: 2,135	Know Your Engine Parts Cutaway Piston: means a cutaway of normal piston(half piston from side look)the cutaway to end all cutaways. The seat, muffler, various frame sections, shocks, damn near everything gave you an X-ray view.like there in the bajaj probiking. Cam Ground Piston : All areas of the piston do not expand the same; the top of the piston runs the hottest so it expands the most. The skirt runs the coolest so it expands the least. For this reason the diameter at top of the piston will normally be smaller, and the diameter at the bottom of the skirt will normally be a little larger, than the diameter at the top of the skirt. Also, the piston does not expand the same all the way around its circumference. The diameter measured across the piston pin will expand more than the diameter-measured perpendicular to the piston pin. Therefore, the piston is “cam ground”, or made slightly oval, with the smaller diameter measured across the piston pin. When the piston heats up to operating temperature it will then be round. If the piston were not cam ground, the piston to cylinder wall clearance would have to be extremely high when the engine was cold to allow for expansion, and it would not be round when at operating temperature. This could cause piston slap and other problems. Slipper Piston : This ultra lightweight piston provides the optimum balance between strength and weight required in the harsh environments of Formula 1 and MotoGP.R15 is also equipped with forged or slipper piston.kisi piston ko high reving banane ke liye uske weight ko kumm kar dete hai by lathe or machineing . 1st,2nd,3rd land in pistons : different exterior upper,lower or central parts or feild is defined as lands on the piston. EXPLANATION OF PISTON AND RING. Clear, accepted definitions are as necessary to a knowledge and understanding of pistons and piston rings as they are for any other subject. The following nomenclature has been developed in over half-a-century of usage within the industry. The majority of these terms have been adopted and approved by the Society of Automotive Engineers. PISTON A cylindrical, hollow aluminum or iron part, closed on top and open at the bottom, fitting closely within the engine cylinder or sleeve and capable of being driven alternately up and down in the cylinder. The piston transmits the force of expanding combustion gases through the piston pin to the connecting rod and crankshaft throws. The piston serves as a carrier for the piston rings A) LAND That part of the piston above the top ring or between ring grooves. The lands confine and support the piston rings in their grooves. B) HEAT DAM A narrow groove cut in the top land of some pistons to reduce heat flow to the top ring groove. This groove fills with carbon during engine operation and reduces heat flow to the top ring. C) COMPRESSION DISTANCE (or height) The distance from the center of the pin hole to the top of the piston. where grooves are machined. D) RING BELT That area between the top D) RING BELT That area between the top of the piston and the pin hole for the installation of piston rings. E) PISTON HEAD The top piston surface against which the combustion gases exert pressure. The piston head may be flat, concave, convex or of irregular shape. F) PISTON PINS (Wrist pins or gudgeon pins) Connections between the upper end of the connecting rod and the piston. Pins may be held in one of three ways: 1. Anchored in the piston with the bushing in the upper end of the connecting rod oscillating on the pin. 2. Clamped in the rod with the pin oscillating in the piston. 3. Full floating in both connecting rod and piston with lock rings or other devices preventing the pin from contacting the cylinder wall. G) SKIRT That part of the piston located between the first ring groove above the pin hole, and the bottom (open end) of the piston. The skirt forms a bearing area in contact with the cylinder wall. H) PIN HOLE An opening through the piston skirt to carry the piston pin. I) MAJOR THRUST FACE That portion of the piston skirt which carries the greatest thrust load. This is on the right side when viewing the engine from the flywheel end with the crankshaft rotating counterclockwise. J) MINOR THRUST FACE That portion of the piston skirt which is opposite the major thrust face. K) PISTON PIN BUSHING A bushing fitted between piston pin and piston pin hole to obtain a better bearing material. Used particularly with iron pistons. L) OIL RING GROOVE A groove cut into the piston around its circumference, at the bottom of the ring belt or at the lower end of piston skirt. Oil ring grooves are usually wider than compress. Oil drain hole : The drain hole means fr the oil control, in one embodiment thereof, comprises an elongated conduit formed of a spring pin for insertion into drain holes of a piston to restrict admittance of oil into the drain holes from within the piston. The oil-controlled piston comprises a typical gas-engine-type piston having at least one oil-control-ring drain hole formed therein in which drain hole the aforementioned oil control means has been inserted (for instance, by way of retrofitting). Bell crank and lever : Lever mechanisms of all shapes and sizes are very common parts of machines, particularly in hand operated devices. The bell crank lever offers the typical mechanical advantage of a lever, and in addition it turns the line of action of the effort through 90°. In most cases the cranked lever would be a casting with a bushed pivot at the corner. The experimental model has been built up from plastic to simulate the real thing. This traditional item enables the reaction force of a 90° bell crank to be measured by a spring balance when a load is applied at any of five leverage ratios. The bell crank is supported on a bushed pivot. This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results. LAST NOT BUT THE LEAST.......... why the inlet valve is kept open for 40-50 degree rotattion of the crank after the suction stoke fpr high speed engines and 20-40 in low speed engines ??????????????? exactly i dint know about this very technically. but bhai meri opinion mein ye cam ki center city ki ki adjustmewnt ki wajah se hota hoga.may be for feuls mixture of air and oil,ya high tech super cars even our honda civic mein bhi high rev band mein inlet valve open kuch degree par rehte jisse second time ke combustion ki timing mein piston ko valve ko open karne ke liye force jyaada na lagani pade jisse power loss engine ka kum hota hai aur jerking performecne ka bhi rectification ho jata hai jiski wajah se linear and performecne ka power band up down nahi hota hai. aur low speed engine mein bhi issi function ka implimentation kiya jaata hai jisse uska power band kum rpm pe aur stable rahe.cam aur crank ki adjustment mein aur main begun ke alteration se iss ko achieve kiya jaa sakta hai. Dry liners and wet liners: Dryliners A dry cylinder liner has a flange at the outer circumference of the upper part of a liner barrel, and also has a grind relief groove formed below the flange at the outer circumferential surface of the liner barrel. The upper surface and the lower surface of the flange are coated with a coating film comprising a heat resistant resin containing a solid lubricant. The coating film may also be applied to only the lower surface of the liner flange. This coating film may also be applied to the upper surface of a cylinder block that contacts the lower surface of the liner flange. Wet liners Plain wet liner - The water jacket or passages for the cooling water are formed by the engine block and the liner itself. Rubber o-rings at both ends of the liner will provide the seal necessary for the cooling water passages. Linkage booster type power steering system : A power steering system includes a cylinder assembly which is operable under the influence of fluid pressure from a supply pump to actuate a vehicle steering linkage. The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder having a piston rod extending from one end and a wall which is swaged at the other end. The swaged end of the cylinder wall is fixedly connected to a socket assembly which in turn is connected to the vehicle frame. The piston rod is connected to another socket assembly which is connected with a steering linkage. Courtesy : GYAAN BY C_sbk.. compiled By: L.P. (ME) __________________ " Nothing Z Forever,Except D Change " Spiti \|\|Binsar \|\| Lansdowne Click Here to Subscribe to the xBhp Delhi SMS Channel 2006-till Date : Bajaj Discover 125cc 1,60,000 kms ..... now Hero Honda Karizma Last edited by L.P.; 09-23-2008 at 10:56 PM. Reason: with due respect to our MOD..

09-23-2008, 11:11 PM	#3 (permalink)
c_sbk Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2007 Location: New Delhi Posts: 272	@MG: these all material is from various mags which i read since 1997,i prefer a lot reading mags or technical book then web.so it is not possible to mention which answer from which mag or book.and there is some unnecessary stuff which l.p. mention is of no use. __________________ NOTHING FOREVER,EXCEPT CHANGE. Without opportunity,TALENT* is nothing.*

09-30-2008, 10:59 PM	#9 (permalink)
joe350 more BHP Join Date: Jan 2007 Location: kerala(God's Own Country) Posts: 167	wow!! that was a nice lecture note!!! felt like i was attending an automobile class from a good lecturer!!! __________________ Offering My entire life to the GOD of Speed......!!!!

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09-23-2008, 10:52 PM	#2 (permalink)
MG Super Moderator Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Maharashtra,India Posts: 5,507	Topic Approved @L.P-Good stuff.Please mention the source from where you have taken the above material.

09-24-2008, 05:49 PM	#4 (permalink)
themadrussian Du Hast Join Date: Sep 2008 Location: chandigarh Posts: 365	good stuff !! want to know more about slipper pistons and how it can boost performance

09-29-2008, 02:23 PM	#6 (permalink)
themadrussian Du Hast Join Date: Sep 2008 Location: chandigarh Posts: 365	waiting

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