here's the short version...
a SOHC or single overhead camshaft engine uses a single camshaft on the head to lift all the valves, whereas in a DOHC or double overhead camshaft head, two camshafts are used to lift the valves (a camshaft each for intake and exhaust valves) ; normally, SOHCs are used in both 16 valve or 8 valve configurations (for a four cylinder engine), but DOHCs are used in 16 valve configurations (or more) only. some exceptions are there, like the vRS, which has DOHC layout and 20 valves (5 valves per cylinder).
a DOHC layout is better than a SOHC layout in many ways- in DOHCs, the valve timing is more precise, and better valve lift is achieved. also, a DOHC setup eliminates the need for rocker arms, hence creating better timing, and valve contact is more direct too. but of course, these are all in stock form. a SOHC layout, when tuned, can be as efficient as a DOHC, but under proper tuning, DOHCs always achieve more power than SOHCs...








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